Memories are short. Did the stock market rebound this week soothe your fourth-quarter fears?
That’s why it’s an optimal time to consider ways to lower your portfolio risk. Doing so may even lead to higher returns over the long haul.
Invesco, the Atlanta-based investment-management firm known for its exchange traded funds (ETFs), runs three ETFs that hold subsets of the broad S&P indexes, with the objective of lowering investment risk. And it turns out the ETFs have actually outperformed the indexes over longer periods. They also held up better during the fourth quarter, when the benchmark S&P 500 Index dropped 14%.
S&P Dow Jones Indices maintains the large-cap benchmark S&P 500 Index
as well the S&P 400 Mid-Cap Index
and the S&P Small-Cap 600 Index
Those are weighted by market capitalization, which means for the S&P 500 the largest five companies — Amazon.com
Microsoft
Apple
Alphabet
and Facebook
— make up 16% of the index. In other words, a lot of risk is concentrated among a small group of stocks. When Apple’s shares tumbled 30% in the fourth quarter, S&P 500 investors felt the pain.
S&P Dow Jones Indices also developed low-volatility versions of the broad indexes. The S&P 500 Low Volatility Index includes the 100 S&P 500 stocks that have had the lowest price volatility over the previous 12 months. It is rebalanced quarterly. There are similar low-volatility indexes for the S&P 400 Mid-Cap Index and the S&P Small-Cap 600 Index.
Invesco manages ETFs that track all three low-volatility indexes. They’re rebalanced quarterly. Here’s how they’ve performed, for various periods:
| ETF or Index | Ticker | Total return – Q4 2018 | Total return – 2018 | Total return – 3 years through Jan. 9 | Total return – 5 years through Jan. 9 | Total return – 7 years through Jan. 9 |
| Invesco S&P 500 Low Volatility ETF | -5% | 0% | 35% | 59% | 116% | |
| S&P 500 Index | -14% | -6% | 34% | 41% | 102% | |
| Invesco S&P Mid-Cap Low Volatility ETF | -8% | 0% | 47% | 75% | N/A | |
| S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index | -18% | -12% | 34% | 30% | 95% | |
| Invesco S&P Small-Cap Low Volatility ETF | -13% | -5% | 47% | 62% | N/A | |
| S&P Small-Cap 600 Index | -20% | -10% | 44% | 36% | 113% | |
| Source: FactSet | ||||||
The three ETFs have annual expenses of 0.25% of assets.
You can see that the Invesco S&P 500 Low Volatility ETF
has beaten the performance of the S&P 500 for all periods listed. The ETF was established in May 2011.
The Invesco S&P Mid-Cap Low Volatility ETF
and the Invesco S&P Small-Cap Low Volatility ETF
were established in February 2013.
Here’s a look further back, this time comparing the S&P 500 Low Volatility Index to the entire S&P 500 Index for 10 years, through Jan. 9:
FactSet
Yes, the full S&P 500 beat the S&P 500 Low Volatility Index for 10 years. But things aren’t always so simple. It turns out the broad index fell a lot further than the S&P 500 Low Volatility Index during 2008. Let’s look at an 11-year chart:
FactSet
Now the S&P 500 Low Volatility Index is back in the lead because it fell “only” 21% during 2008, when the entire index took a 37% beating.
The S&P 500 Low Volatility Index “tends to capture about 75% of the up of the [full] index and about 50% of the downside” over long periods, Invesco senior ETF equity strategist Nick Kalivas said in an interview Jan. 10.
Here’s a 15-year chart comparing the two:
FactSet
Once again, the S&P 500 Low Volatility Index shines when compared to the entire S&P 500 Index.
Not a short-term hedge
Kalivas said, “We always tell people it is always best to buy insurance before the fire.”
Unlike some ETFs, including leveraged and inverse products that are designed to help traders hedge risks or take advantage of special opportunities on a single day, the low-volatility ETFs are meant to be held for the long term.
He called the focus on stocks with low price volatility “a rewarded investment factor.”
“When you look at the academic research and the studies in finance, there is a general consensus that value, momentum, quality and dividend are factors, or investment strategies, that tend to generate high performance over longer investment cycles,” Kalivas said.
Portfolio weighting
Like the S&P low-volatility indexes, the three Invesco low-volatility ETFs are reverse-weighted by volatility, so that the least volatile stock will have the heaviest weighting. That being said, they are not weighted heavily: The largest holding of the S&P 500 Low Volatility ETF is Coca-Cola
which makes up 1.26% of the portfolio, while the smallest is Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings
which makes up 0.73% of the fund.
Here are the top 10 holdings of the S&P 500 Low Volatility ETF as of the close on Jan. 9:
| Company | Ticker | Share of portfolio |
| Coca-Cola Co. | 1.26% | |
| Republic Services Inc. | 1.21% | |
| Exelon Corp. | 1.19% | |
| Duke Energy Corp. | 1.18% | |
| WEC Energy Group Inc. | 1.17% | |
| Waste Management Inc. | 1.16% | |
| CMS Energy Corp. | 1.16% | |
| NextEra Energy Inc. | 1.15% | |
| Diamond Energy Inc. | 1.15% | |
| Ecolab Inc. | 1.14% | |
| Source: FactSet | ||
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